The Super Duper Secure Mode disables Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation for JavaScript in the browser render process and enables new security mitigations to provide a more secure browsing experience. As per the Microsoft researcher, about 45% of vulnerabilities in V8 JavaScript are relating to the JIT engine. So disabling JIT will guarantee more security. Read more about it here. If you are unaware of the V8 JavaScript engine, it powers many popular web browsers, including Microsoft Edge, Google Chrome, Brave, Opera, Vivaldi, etc.
Steps to Enable Super Duper Secure Mode in Microsoft Edge
As said, the Super Duper Secure Mode turns off the JIT compilation in Edge to lessen security vulnerabilities. But, since JIT is responsible for better performance, there will be a performance hit and reduction in the power efficiency of the browser. More Resources:
How to Block Media Autoplaying in Microsoft EdgeReduce Launch Time of Microsoft Edge via Startup Boost FeatureHow to Freeze Inactive Tabs in Microsoft EdgeHow to Change Bing to Google Search in Edge